Past Events That Have Shaped the Present - 1922 Words

Past Events that have shaped the Present Kristy Schlak Axia College of the University of Phoenix Past Events that have shaped the Present Remembering our past is important; events that happened yesterday can shape next week or next year. The interesting thing about history is that it is not always recognized as important until much later. When Britain and France tried to appease Hitler with part of Czechoslovakia in 1938, the significance of giving into Hitler’s demands was not fully realized until Hitler advanced further into Czechoslovakia and invaded Poland, (BBC, 2008). Giving in to what was thought of as a small demand set in motion a series of events that resulted in the loss of countless lives, destruction in many parts of the†¦show more content†¦First dismissed by the White House as, â€Å"a third rate burglary attempt,† (Davidson, 2006, p. 925) this action led to the end of Richard M. Nixon’s presidential career and a new attitude about the power held by the President of the United States of America. The men arrested included a former memb er of the CIA and a GOP security aide, later it was discovered they were attempting to bug the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Through the work of Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein and the FBI more information is uncovered and links between the crime and the White House are unveiled. A check intended for campaign efforts, in the amount of $25,000, was deposited into one of the burglar’s bank accounts and a secret fund controlled by Attorney General John Mitchell intended for use in spying on the democrats is exposed. Recordings by Nixon of conversations related to the incident are then discovered and Nixon is ordered to surrender them. He refuses initially but in the end hands over the tapes and the first acts of Impeachment begin. Nixon had proclaimed innocence but in the end resigns and is pardoned of any charges by his successor and former Vice President Gerald R. Ford, (Watergate.Info, 2007). This was the first resignation of a presiden t. It was broadcast in the media for the world to see, influencing the current attitude of getting information on anyone no matter the cost and airing itShow MoreRelatedEssay on William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying1045 Words   |  5 Pagesof view presents an objective view of what really happened.† This statement is not adequate in connection with William Faulkner’s novel, As I Lay Dying. Though many points of view are expressed through the use of interior monologue, even when compiled, they cannot serve as an â€Å"objective† view of what really happened. There are many monologues by many different people, often with opposing ideas and beliefs. Together the novel is a collection of half-truths, with each set of events shaped by whatRead MoreDo We Have a Free Will? Essay example1462 Words   |  6 Pages Do We Have A Free Will? An individual with â€Å"Free Will† is capable of making vital decisions and choices in life with own free consent. The individual chooses these decisions without any outside influence from a set of â€Å"alternative possibilities.† The idea of â€Å"free will† imposes a certain kind of power on an individual to make decisions of which he or she is morally responsible. This implies that â€Å"free will† would include a range of aspects such as originality, moral value, and self-governance. HoweverRead MoreE. H. Carr Believes Everyone Draws Their Own Conclusions in His Book, The Historian and His Facts, and Causation in History616 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s all about the viewpoint of the individual researching or telling the event. Carr supports this idea by stating that, everyone draws their own conclusions. This idea of having your own conclusions is the case for writing and recording history as a historian from the beginning of human history. Ever y historian has a bias or a viewpoint on a historical topic and event. Some historians focus only on one side of the event while, others focus on multiple sides, but pick which one they believe is aRead MoreTheme Of Change In The Poisonwood Bible867 Words   |  4 PagesThe changing of narrators in The Poisonwood Bible allows the audience to see to see how the same event can impact others and their personal growth in different ways, and with the different tense between Orleanna and her children allows the reader see how the change each of the women faces will make a lasting impact for years to come. The changing of narrators allows the reader to see how the same event can impact others in different ways. One instance of this in the novel is when Ruth May dies. AfterRead MoreThe World Of World History1284 Words   |  6 Pages Summer Work Preface: I. World history explores human pasts worldwide to help us understand the world around us. To help us understand that the world needs to continue to develop or we will fall behind. This text talks about how human migration and trade amongst other things has gotten us to where we are today. A.Generalization of World history B.Periodization C.Key events D.Conclusion II. The world history explores the past so humans around the world can understand the terrene aroundRead More The Importance of History Essay992 Words   |  4 Pageslives because it?s important to acknowledge past events that have occurred in our world that deeply influences the present. This essay will discuss what history is, and why we study it. History is the study of past events leading up to the present day. It is a research, a narrative, or an account of past events and developments that are commonly related to a person, an institution, or a place. It is a branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past happenings. Focusing on the people involvedRead More It is Important to have Knowledge of History Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesIt is Important to have Knowledge of History Though the past may bring a revival and restoration of the misery(Limerick 473), I believe it is necessary to know and study our past. Through this essay I shall explain how knowledge of the past helps improve the quality of future output, satisfy our human thirst for knowledge, and understand certain polices and regulations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even in our everyday life we can see how past knowledge helps to improve the futures outcome. Whether it is improvementRead MoreCloud Atlas And The Horrible Ordeal Of Timothy Cavendish1551 Words   |  7 PagesTime is â€Å"the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present and future regarded as a whole† (Oxford Dictionary). David Mitchell uses his novel Cloud Atlas to explore this complicated concept gravely. Even through the way the novel is laid out (in layers with only half of each story given at first), each story noticeably intersects and interacts with shared characters – either in the flesh or the reincarnations of them. Similarly, this layout exhibits an attempt at postmodernistRead MoreAnalysis On Jayson Mcleod s Life997 Words   |  4 Pagesdestiny, but rather a series of events intertwined with a preceding series of events. The Greeks once believed that the weather was at the whim of the gods. The Greeks lat er changed their worldview away from the notion that the gods control weather. From this they began to notice weather patterns allowing for safer sea trade which in turn brought prosperity to the Greek peninsula. It is this sort of cause and effect that shapes the world we live in. Jayson’s family’s past is a large part of what shapesRead MoreThe Cultural Crossroads Of The Americas794 Words   |  4 Pagesbuildings and symbols that represent American culture. This paper will analyze the social histories, national histories, and religious histories present in Haozous’ â€Å"The Cultural Crossroads of the Americas† in order to evaluate its effectiveness in conveying a past-present dialectic. Social histories â€Å"focus on everyday life experiences of various groups in the past† (Martin Nakayama, 2012). When looking at the left side of the sculpture, a glimpse of what Native Americans needed to do to remain sustainable

Multinational Corporations - 1110 Words

Ethical Dilemmas for Multinational Enterprise: A Philosophical Overview Part One: Review Question #1 Multinational Corporations have always been and are currently now under harsh criticism. They are mainly condemned for exploiting resources and workers of third world countries, taking jobs away from the US industry, and destroying local cultures. Although there are negatives of multinational corporations, there are also positives. Business done overseas provides jobs for the people of the host country, improving the standard of living, and transfers technology. Richard T. De George explains moral standards, in five basic theses, that multinational corporations must adhere to in order to maintain corporate ethics. De George†¦show more content†¦I partially agree with this thesis. Just because MNCs are capable of changing a country, they have no obligation to do so. It is not their moral responsibility to do so either. Although they should support just background institutions, they do not have to. De George s fifth and final thesis explains that responsibility is li nked to ownership. Whatever portion one owns of the MNC one must take that amount of accountability. This means that what host countries cannot expect is that they can demand control without accepting correlative responsibility, (DeGeorge, p. 266). I agree with this thesis. Whoever is in charge of something must become aware that it is them who must take the liability. Part Two: Review Question #2 Today, American MNCs operating overseas face many moral dilemmas. I feel the most important dilemma regards not only the exploitation of resources and employees, but how the MNC affects the host economy. MNCs affect their employees welfare directly, but also affect the host country s citizens indirectly. By providing jobs the spending capital within the host economy increases, and creates a better standard of living. Personally, I believe that MNCs operating in Third World countries do more good than harm. I agree with Ian Maitland, author of In Defense of International Sweatshops. Maitland s article examinesShow MoreRelatedMultinational Corporations : Is There A Difference?1442 Words   |  6 PagesMultinational Corporations – Is there a Difference? â€Å"Researchers and theorists suggest that the skills and techniques of a MNC are very different than those of an organization without a global presence.† In any organization, management skills and techniques are increasingly gaining importance. Further, organizational structure facilitates leadership’s ability to adapt in an ever-changing environment, specifically, an environment in which global relations continue to be developed and emphasizedRead MoreMultinational Corporations11610 Words   |  47 PagesoverConclusionbibliography | | Introduction A  multinational corporation  (MNC) or  multinational enterprise  (MNE) is a  corporation  that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in more than one country. It is a large corporation which both produces and sells goods or services in various countries.  It can also be referred to as an  international corporation. They play an important role in  globalization. The first multinational corporation was the  Dutch East India Company, founded MarchRead MoreThe Success Factors Of Multinational Corporations1272 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most essential success factor in multinational corporations is related with the organization’s group of extremely competent international leaders and managers who have the global knowledge of consumer demands for services as well as products in a world scale, the knowledge of production and service capabilities, and also who can influence others in spite of diverse cultural or political backgrounds that make them think, analyze, decide, act and communicate in a different way than the leaderRead MoreMultinational Corporation1374 Words   |  6 Pages12-14-cent-an-hour for your hard work, imagine you work with toxic chemical glues, paints and solvents everyday. Multinational Corporation is a company that make and sells a product in more than one country. Sometime we called a  ¡Ã‚ °transnational corporation  ¡Ã‚ ±. Multinational Corporation are harmful because of bad working condition, low wage and long hours, bad future and life. Multinational corporations are harmful because they have bad working conditions. According to Sweatshop Fact sheet, workers who workRead MoreThe Expansion Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThe global economy has been inundated with the expansion of multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs growth and dominant position in the global economy has been achieved through the process of globalisation. In order to explore the MNCs and globalised supply and production chains, the raise of MNCs need to be established. This essay will then demonstrate how the power attained from MNCs has restructured and diversified the geographies of retail connecting, production, distribution and consumptionRead MoreMultinational Corporations4554 Words   |  19 PagesMultinational Corporation - business enterprise with manufacturing, sales, or service subsidiaries in one or more foreign countries, also known as a transnational or international corporation. These corporation s originated early in the 20th century and proliferated after World War II. Typically, a multinational corporation develops new products in its native country and manufactures them abroad, often in Third World nations, thus gaining trade advantages and economies of labor and materials. AlmostRead MoreMultinational Organizations : A Multinational Corporation1247 Words   |  5 PagesA Multinational Corporation, also known as MNC, is a corporation that has it facilities and other assets in more than one country, in addition to its home country. These corporations operate comprehensively in more than one country by having a main office in a centralized location where they systematize global management and have offices and/or factories in different countries. Multinational Corporations may participate in numerous activities such as manufacturing, importing and exporting in differentRead MoreThe Multinational Corporation Boom And Its Reasons2358 Words   |  10 Pages In this paper the multinational corporation boom and its reasons are investigated and then the challenges which these corporations encounter will be discussed. There are certain reasons associated with the rapid growth of multinational corporations during the last 50 years. Including but not limited to globalization, information technology telecommunication, deregulations and worldwide market liberalization and the operation in the emerging economies and the growth opportunity in these countriesRead MoreThe Difficulties Of Managing A Multinational Corporation ( Mnc ) Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the difficulties of managing a multinational corporation (MNC) by adopting an ethnocentric approach to talent management from home country to subsidiary in another country. Introduction With the accelerating process of globalization, a great number of multinational corporations (MNCs) have emerged around the globe, from 39,000 TNCs in 1993 to 82,000 in 2008, especially in developing nations. According to McKinsey Global Institute (2013), globalization not only gives MNCs tremendous marketRead MoreMultinational Corporations And Its Effect On The Chinese Economy Essay2442 Words   |  10 Pagescountry; thus the rise of joint-owned ventures and multinational corporations or MNCs. Soon enough, China’s business industry was dominated mostly by multinational corporations. Through the establishment of MNCs, a lot of employment were created. Alongside MNCs however, are pressing controversial issues involving violation of human rights, labor code, and country policies as well as its involvement in environmental degradation. Multinational corporations impact the environment of China by exploiting its

Grease on Broadway Review Essay Example For Students

Grease on Broadway Review Essay I went and watched the play, â€Å"Grease,† a few years back in Columbus. It depicted the 1971 musical, and later 1978 hit film, based on the students of a 1950’s high school. The broadway stars Max Crumm and Laura Osnes, as Danny and Sandy. Their journey to the lead roles were documented on the NBC show entitled, â€Å"Grease: The One That I Want. † The stars seemed to work well together, but lacked a certain chemistry that is needed to play lovers. Crumm and Osnes are both very talented dancers, but something about them together just didnt seem right to me. I feel that two people should really sell that they are passionate about each other, if that is what they are suppose to do for their role. Osnes has a beautiful singing voice, and she played her part as Sandy very well. While Crumm seemed to have a hard time being a leader in his group. For anyone in a lead role, being a leader on stage is very important, and leading did not come naturally to him. The main concern I had about the actors, were that they seemed somewhat stiff while performing. It seemed as though they stuck to doing exactly what they were told, instead of owning their parts, and making them their own. The performers are young, and still have a lot to learn. Being a good performer does not happen overnight, so they have plenty of time to master the art of performing. You can just tell the actors had every single bit of the play drilled into their head, and it seemed as though they were afraid to stray off a bit, to make it their own. The show lacked the spark of, Grease, that many know and love. I couldnt connect with the characters as well as I could when watching the movie. On a more positive note, the actors knew exactly what they needed to do, and they performed their parts as best they could. The youthfulness of the cast had a lot to do with the lack of skill on the stage. There were a lot of young, and talented performers on that stage. However, I do not feel they were ready to perform something as popular, and well loved as, Grease. There are very high expectations for and audience who comes to watch it. I was expecting to fall in love all over again with it, but it was very hard to connect with the characters. People want to feel like they are living out the lives of the characters, while watching them perform. I usually feel most connected to Danny when I watch, Grease. Crumm did not depict the Danny that many people already think they know, from watching the movie, or other performances. Overall, the play was not bad. There were a few things that need to be fixed, in order to make it the best play around. With more experienced actors, the play could become much better. I would like to see the actors now, to see if they have improved their skills.

Why Dont People Help in a Crisis

The death of Kitty Genovese was one of the horrendous acts have that ever happened in the history of crime. The heinous crime witnessed one of the human incapability in offering help to others in an emergency situation. Of all the Genovese neighbors, no one came to help her when she was attacked. Surprisingly, it is alleged by the witnesses that it took more than 30 minutes for the murderer to kill Genovese.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Don’t People Help in a Crisis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The time was enough to rescue her. For many years, the same trend of not reacting towards helping others among humans has been observed. Sociologists have observed this trend and have always tried to explain the reasons of such irresponsibility. It is important for moral responsibility to be observed by everyone in the society. Such a contentious discussion is still being investigated. Nevertheless, the murder story of Genovese also raised issues such as what should be done to criminals, who have intentions to kill without reasonable doubts. Some critics argue that the punishment for murders should be death sentence, while others view it as unnecessary action that does not protect lives. The following discussion gives an insight into why people are reluctant to help others and why death sentence, torture or capital punishment should be reviewed on convicted murderers. One important concept that emerges from the issue of people not helping others is the diffusion of responsibilities. According to sociologists, the diffusion of responsibility is the solitary reason behind people being inactive in situations that require emergency help. Diffusion of responsibility will emanate from the aspects that will be discussed further. First, a bystander response research indicates that there is always a â€Å"psychological withdrawal with an individual who is among a crowd of other personsâ₠¬  (Hirschberg Hirschberg 768). In this case, the individual becomes a little bit indifferent. However, the bystanders or, in this case, the crime witnesses do not necessarily become indifferent, but experience inhibition of any possible responsibility. For example signs of â€Å"nervousness is observed among the witnesses† (769).Interestingly, their actions towards helping in an emergency situation may be inhibited by culture. For example, the American culture does not allow people to interfere with other people’s privacy. It is perceived to be â€Å"bad manners to interfere with others privacy in America† (769).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This may be another reason as to why Genovese neighbors never came to rescue the victim. In any case, the evidence given by the witnesses’ shows that victim only heard screams, but never witnessed the act of killing. In this case, â€Å"seeing is not the same as believing† (769). Another inhibitor may be lack of proper interpretation regarding an emergency situation. If a bystander or witness does not deem a situation to be of emergency nature, then the bystander will be reluctant to intervene in such situations. For all these types of inhibitions to be fully functional, an environment that depicts a presence of other onlookers is always evidenced. Basically, the inhibition only occurs when the bystander in question is among other bystanders. In essence, the inhibition affects other bystanders as well. Nonetheless, â€Å"the underlying emergency always seems to affect the unresponsive bystanders in any instance† (769). This shows that the bystanders are not indifferent or lack apathy, but are nervous. As indicated earlier, a majority of people who are among a crowd fail to react due to responsibility diffusion (Hirschberg Hirschberg 770). From this perspective, people tend to thi nk that another person witnessing the event has equal responsibilities, thus the reluctance to respond first. This may have been in the case of Genovese, where each neighbor might have thought that others were watching Genovese or the murderer. The filtration of the responsibility is psychological. However, in a scenario where â€Å"the emergency is witnessed by a single person, the response is always instantaneous† (770). Nevertheless, in the case of Genovese, the incapability of the witnesses to respond to the cries of the woman should not inhibit the justice system. This means that, without reasonable doubts, the death sentence passed to the murderer is justifiable. Many years later, Genovese murderer appealed against the death sentence ruling. The murderer through his lawyer argued that the case was passed unfairly, considering that the murderer’s lawyer during the trial was once the victim’s lawyer. The murderer’s lawyer argued that the sentence shou ld be reduced to life imprisonment. It is through such judicial sentences that the question of torture in the judicial system is revisited. The appealing of the death sentence, questions the integrity of providing justice to the victims of those who were innocently killed. The reduction of those does not only undermine the fact that such crimes need to be deterred, but also undermines giving reprieve to the victim’s family members.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Don’t People Help in a Crisis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are arguments that death sentence cannot bring back the victim. Of course, it cannot bring back the victim, but it is important to understand that most of the murderers have an intent that is associated with an ideology. Genovese murder had previously committed many other killings and raping and thus was acting out of an ideology. These acts are similar to those of a terrorist who subscribe to a certain ideology. The murderer confessed that he was looking for someone to hunt down and kill that night. This is an unremorseful act that was done out of will. Reducing death sentence to life imprisonment is like protecting a criminal’s ideology to live on. â€Å"Death sentence is the ultimate punishment for people who do not value human life â€Å"(Banner 281). It is without doubt that victims who succumb to murderers do not get themselves killed intentionally. Probably, Genovese would not have been killed if the law had nabbed the murderer earlier and passed a death sentence. Sociologists’ term the heinous acts by serial killers as just but a game. To sociologists, serial killers are enslaved to acts of crime for the purpose of public recognition. In this context, it would be morally wrong to just disregard the judicial authority on passing death sentence to such criminals. The murder of Genovese was no game, though was portrayed as such by the killer. The justice system should therefore perceive such as a mockery to justice. In conclusion, it is important to acknowledge the fact that it is the moral duty of everyone to help others. Whether such acts of humanity are triggered â€Å"psychologically by apathy or lack of indifference or not, it remains a moral duty to all persons† (Hirschberg Hirschberg 768). It is sometimes deemed selfish not to help others. This calls for change of attitude and culture that promotes selfishness. On the other hand, acts that take away lives should not go unpunished. In fact, â€Å"death sentence is the best punishment for murder† (Bienen 147). The protection of lives, the closure of victim’s families and deterrence of future cold blood murder, should always guide the passing of a death sentence. Works Cited Banner, Stuart. The death penalty: An American history, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bienen, B., Leigh. Murder and its consequences: Essays on capital punishment in America, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2010. Print. Hirschberg, Stuart, and Terry Hirschberg. The millennium reader, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. This essay on Why Don’t People Help in a Crisis? was written and submitted by user Landon Bowers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Constantine I (306 - 337 A.D.)

Constantine I (306 - 337 A.D.) The Emperor Constantine I was effectively the sole ruler of the Roman world between 324 and 337 A.D.; his reign was perhaps one of the most crucial of all the emperors in determining the future course of western civilization. By beginning the process of making Christianity the religious foundation of his realm, he set the religious course for the future of Europe, which remains in place to this very day. Because he replaced Rome with Constantinople as the center of imperial power, he made it clear that the city of Rome was no longer the center of power and he set the stage for the Middle Ages. His philosophical view of monarchy, largely spelled out in some of the works of Eusebius of Caesarea, became the foundation for the concept of the divine right of kings, which prevailed in Europe.Flavius Valerius Constantinus, the son of Constantius Chlorus and Helena, seems to have been born in Naissus in Serbia on 27 February ca.English: Side view of Ponte Milvio, Rome.272 or 273 A.D. When hi s father had become Caesar in 293 A.D., Constantius had sent his son to the Emperor Galerius as hostage for his own good behavior; Constantine, however, returned to his dying father's side in Britain on 25 July 306. Soon after his father's death, Constantine was raised to the purple by the army. The period between 306 and 324, when Constantine became sole imperator, was a period of unremitting civil war. Two sets of campaigns not only guaranteed Constantine a spot in Roman history, but also made him sole ruler of the Roman Empire. On 28 October 312 he defeated Maxentius, his opponent, at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge; in 314, 316, and 324, he repeatedly defeated his last remaining rival Licinius. Once he had overcome him, he was the undisputed...

Definition and Examples of Epigrams in English

Definition and Examples of Epigrams in English An epigram is a concise, clever, and sometimes paradoxical statement or line of verse. Adjective: epigrammatic. Also called, simply, a saying. A person who composes or uses epigrams is an  epigrammatist. Benjamin Franklin, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oscar Wilde are all known for their highly epigrammatic writing styles.  Irish poet Jane Wilde (who wrote under the pen name Speranza) observed that epigram is always better than an argument in conversation. Examples and Observations The more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws.(Tacitus)There are no gains without pains.(Benjamin Franklin, The Way to Wealth)If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading or do things worth the writing.(Benjamin Franklin)The Child is father of the Man.(William Wordsworth, My Heart Leaps Up)The only way to have a friend is to be one.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, On Friendship)A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance)In Wildness is the preservation of the world.(Henry David Thoreau, Walking)The old believe everything: the middle-aged suspect everything: the young know everything.(Oscar Wilde, Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young)All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does. Thats his.(Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest)No one is completely unhappy at the failure of his best fr iend.(Groucho Marx) The only ism Hollywood believes in is plagiarism.(Dorothy Parker)Great people talk about  ideas, average people talk about things, and small people talk about other peopleGreat people talk about ideas, average people talk about things, and small people talk about wine.(Fran Lebowitz)Asked for his  favorite epigram, Karl Marx responded, de omnibus disputandum, i.e., doubt everything.†(Dan Subotnik, Toxic Diversity. NYU Press, 2005)Audiences are always better pleased with a smart retort, some joke or epigram, than with any amount of reasoning.(Charlotte Perkins Gilman)What is an epigram? A dwarfish whole, its body brevity, and wit its soul.(Samuel Coleridge)The art of newspaper paragraphing is to stroke a platitude until it purrs like an epigram.(Don Marquis)A brilliant epigram is a solemn platitude gone to a masquerade ball.(Lionel Strachey)Three things must epigrams, like bees, have all:A sting and honey and a body small.(Latin verse, quoted by J. Symonds, Studies of the Gr eek Poets, 1877) Renaissance Epigrams: Gall, Vinegar, Salt, and Honey In the Renaissance, George Puttenham remarked that the epigram is a short and sweete form in which every mery conceited man might without any long studie or tedious ambage, make his friend sport, and anger his foe, and give a prettie nip, or shew a sharpe conceit [i.e., idea] in few verses (The Art of English Poesy, 1589). Epigrams of both praise and blame were a popular Renaissance genre, notably in the poetry of Ben Jonson. The critic J.C. Scaliger in his Poetics (1560) divided epigrams into four kinds: gall, vinegar, salt, and honey (that is, an epigram could be bitterly angry, sour, salacious, or sweet).(David Mikics, A New Handbook of Literary Terms. Yale University Press, 2007) Types of Epigrams The Epigram is expressed in various ways: A. In the Epigrammatic style. It now refers to a style marked by point and brevity. It does not necessarily involve contrast.B. Emphatic assertion. What I have written, I have written.C. Indirect or concealed statement. A kind of mingling of literal and figurative.D. PunningE. Paradox (T. Hunt, Principles of Written Discourse, 1884) The Lighter Side of Epigrams Jeremy Usborne: Oh come on, mate. How am I going to see Nancy again if you dont give me a pass? She clearly hates me. Mark Corrigan: Well, maybe you should take that as a sign. Jeremy Usborne: Im not giving up that easily. Faint heart never won fair maid. Mark Corrigan: Right. The epigram that starts the stalkers manifesto.(Robert Webb and David Mitchell in Gym. Peep Show, 2007) Pronunciation: EP-i-gram EtymologyFrom the Greek,  epigramma,  inscription

The Scientific Reasoning Level of Students In the Faculty of Science Research Proposal

The Scientific Reasoning Level of Students In the Faculty of Science In King Saud University - Research Proposal Example It is important to establish how scientific reasoning capability affect the way students choose the subjects to specialize in. Students within the faculty of science in King Saudi University can choose to specialize in Biology, Chemistry, or Physics. It is also important to establish the scientific reasoning capability of students in the four learning levels in King Saud University to determine whether their understanding of different scientific concepts is progressing or not. Literature Review A lot of research has been done on factors that determine performance of students in science and the scientific reasoning. Such studies have shown that scientific reasoning is imperative and it enables students predict and apply different scientific theories. A study conducted by Bell, Maeng & Peters (2010, p. 8) showed that students enjoy challenges posed by scientific inquiry and take part more devotedly when supported. The study also showed that most teachers do not exhibit natural ability in providing instructions and teaching on the nature of science thus students interest in science and scientific reasoning capability tends to depreciate as they proceed to higher teaching levels. Schen (2007, p. 86-88) did a study to investigate development of scientific reasoning among undergraduate students majoring in Biology. The study made use of Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) to assess student’s scientific reasoning capability. The study results showed that there is need to foster development of reasoning skills among undergraduate biology students to improve the reasoning skills of future scientists. Schen concluded that undergraduate students pursuing biology may be having difficulty in understanding scientific methods well since they are not evolving their mental reasoning skills (Schen, 2007, p.142). Moore and Rubbo (2011, p.3) did another research to determine scientific reasoning abilities of non-science majors in physics-based courses. The study results showed that students in non-scientific physics based courses, which included conceptual physics and astronomy courses score considerably lower on the LCTSR compared to students enrolled in courses with science majors (Moore & Rubbo, 2011, p.8-11). Another study was done by Benford and Russell (2001, p.2) and aimed at examining the connection between scientific methodologies and biological inquiry methods in college biology laboratories. The study established a negative relationship between lecturer or instructor inquiry and student understanding of nature of science. The study also showed that most biology students have low scientific reasoning capability. Little research has been done on how scientific reasoning differs in different scientific specialization such as Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Additionally, there is less literature comparing the trend of scientific reasoning across different levels of study. This study is thus important since it aims at establis hing if there is any difference in scientific reasoning in the different specialization as well as in the different levels of study. Background and Objective The level of scientific reasoning determines how student perceive different aspects of science, which in turn determine the science subject they choose to major in. The scientific concepts vary from one level of study to